Which regulatory agency is primarily responsible for overseeing radiation safety in the United States?

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is primarily responsible for overseeing radiation safety in the United States because it establishes regulations that govern the use of nuclear materials, including the safety protocols for handling radioactive substances and ensuring that nuclear facilities operate safely. The NRC's mission encompasses protecting public health and safety related to radiation exposure, ensuring that nuclear reactors and materials are managed securely, and overseeing the decommissioning of facilities when necessary.

The NRC works closely with other regulatory bodies, but its specific focus and authority regarding the regulation of commercial nuclear power plants and radioactive materials make it the leading agency in radiation safety matters. This includes setting limits on exposure to radiation for workers and the public, evaluating the safety of operational practices in the nuclear industry, and enforcing compliance with federal regulations.