Which radiation detection device is commonly used to measure alpha and beta particles?

The Geiger-Müller counter is widely utilized for measuring alpha and beta particles due to its ability to detect ionizing radiation. It consists of a gas-filled tube that detects radiation by ionization; when radiation passes through the tube, it ionizes the gas, leading to a discharge that creates an audible click or visual signal. It is particularly effective in counting low levels of radiation and provides a qualitative understanding of radiation presence, making it suitable for environments where monitoring alpha and beta particles is crucial.

While other devices, such as the scintillation detector and ionization chamber, can also measure different types of radiation, the Geiger-Müller counter is specifically valued for its sensitivity to alpha and beta radiation. The scintillation detector often has better energy resolution but is less commonly used for basic radiation detection, while the ionization chamber is generally used for gamma and x-rays. Dosimeters are mainly for measuring accumulated dose over time rather than for immediate detection of alpha and beta radiation. Thus, the Geiger-Müller counter stands out for this application.