Which of these functions do the NRC perform in order to protect the health and safety of the public and the environment?

The function of setting standards and establishing rules regarding ionizing radiation is a fundamental responsibility of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC's regulatory framework aims to ensure that both public health and safety are prioritized when it comes to the use and management of materials that emit ionizing radiation. By creating regulations and guidelines, the NRC helps to minimize radiation exposure to individuals and the environment, thereby preventing accidents and health hazards associated with radiation.

This role involves establishing acceptable levels of radiation exposure, safety protocols for operating nuclear facilities, and ensuring that adequate measures are in place to protect people from potential harm. These standards and regulations are essential for promoting safe practices in industries that utilize radioactive materials, ultimately fostering a culture of safety and responsibility.

The other functions listed do not accurately represent the NRC’s primary responsibilities. For example, the NRC does not conduct inspections of all facilities irrespective of licensing, nor does it provide grants for radioactive material disposal or offer financial assistance for emergency response, as these are outside the scope of its primary regulatory role. The focus on establishing and enforcing safety standards is what distinctly defines the NRC’s contribution to public and environmental health.