Which material is known for providing effective shielding against radiation?

Lead is known for providing effective shielding against radiation due to its high atomic number and density. Its density allows it to effectively absorb and attenuate gamma rays and X-rays, which are forms of high-energy radiation that can penetrate many materials. The ability of lead to reduce radiation exposure makes it a commonly used material in radiation protection, such as in the construction of protective walls, aprons, and containers for radioactive materials.

In contrast, while other materials such as plastic, glass, and aluminum provide some degree of shielding, they are not as effective as lead for high-energy radiation. Plastic can provide some protection against lower energy radiation but lacks the density to effectively block gamma rays. Glass can protect against low-energy beta particles but is generally inadequate against more penetrating radiation types. Aluminum may provide some shielding for particle radiation but falls short against gamma and X-ray radiation due to its lower density compared to lead.