What is the basic composition of an atom?

The basic composition of an atom includes a nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus itself contains protons and neutrons, while electrons exist in orbital paths around the nucleus. This atomic structure is fundamental to understanding how atoms interact with one another, their stability, and their behavior under various conditions, such as when subjected to ionizing radiation. The configuration of electrons determines an atom's chemical properties and its behavior in bonding with other atoms.

In contrast to the selected answer, which describes only the nucleus without acknowledging the surrounding electrons, it is crucial to recognize that the outer electrons play a vital role in defining how an atom will behave chemically and its overall characteristics. By understanding that an atom consists of both a nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) and surrounding electrons, one gains a clearer perspective of atomic structure and behavior, which is essential in many fields, including radiation safety and nuclear science.