What does the term "ionizing radiation" refer to?

The term "ionizing radiation" specifically refers to radiation that has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms. This process creates ions in the material it interacts with. When ionizing radiation strikes an atom, it can impart energy allowing an electron to escape from its atomic orbit. This capability to ionize atoms is significant because it can lead to chemical changes within cells and biological tissues, potentially causing cellular damage or mutations.

This characteristic distinguishes ionizing radiation from non-ionizing radiation, which has insufficient energy to dislodge electrons. The impact of ionizing radiation is a critical consideration in radiation safety practices, as exposure to such radiation can pose health risks, including radiation sickness and increased cancer risk. Understanding this concept is essential for those working with or around radioactive materials and the management of radiation exposure.