What distinguishes internal doses from external doses of radiation?

The distinction between internal and external doses of radiation is primarily based on the source of radiation in relation to the body. Internal doses refer to radiation exposure that occurs when radioactive materials are inhaled, ingested, or absorbed into the body. This means that the radiation is originating from inside the body itself, subsequently affecting internal organs and tissues.

In contrast, external doses arise from sources of radiation that are outside the body. This includes exposure to gamma rays, X-rays, or beta particles emitted by radioactive materials situated outside the individual, such as in the surrounding environment or from medical imaging equipment.

Understanding this distinction is crucial for evaluating potential health risks. Internal doses can lead to persistent exposure as the radioactive materials may remain in the body, governing how radiation interacts with cellular structures. External doses, on the other hand, may have a different impact, as the radiation typically passes through the body and may not result in the same level of radiation damage to internal tissues.

Establishing this foundational understanding aids in effective radiation safety practices, helping identify and mitigate risks associated with both types of radiation exposure.